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Cuckoo Aiyappa ¹, H. V. Anuradha ¹, J. V. Sathyendra Kasyap ¹, R. Pradeepa ¹, R. Priyalatha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, M S Ramaiah Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Bangalore - 560 054, IN

Abstract

Poisoning is a major problem all over the world and comprises a significant bulk of hospital admissions at a tertiary care hospital. There has also been a change in the pattern of poisoning in various areas, hence, important to know the pattern of poisoning in a given region so as to enable in making a rapid clinical diagnosis, initiate proper treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. To find out the patient profile, the common poisons and outcome of poisoning cases a retrospective analysis of all acute poisoning cases admitted to the casualty of M S. Ramaiah Medical College&Teaching Hospital for a period of one year was done. Data on age, sex, type of poisoning, poisonous substances consumed, treatment, outcome and counselling were analysed. The age varied from 1-80 years. The male female ratio was 1.05: 1. Majority of the poisoning cases were of 21-30 years. Moreover, 85% cases reported were intentional poisoning and 25% cases of poisoning were with miscellaneous agents followed by 22% each of organophosphorus&single medicinal preparations. During the hospital stay 87% of patients were discharged after effective treatment. Suicide attempts were common among adolescents and 69% of the cases were counseled.

Keywords

Poisoning, Organophosphorus, Counselling, Outcome.

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H. V. Anuradha ¹, H. P. Pundarikaksha ², H. N. Sowbhagya ³, N. V. V. Himamshu ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore-54, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, KempeGowda Institute of Medical Science, Bangalore-96, IN
3 Department of Ophthalmology, KempeGowda Institute of Medical Science, Bangalore-4, IN

Abstract

The drugs currently available for treatment of glaucoma are α-blockers, sympathomimetics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and prostaglandin analogues1. Apart from their use in glaucoma to reduce IOP, the antiglaucoma drugs are also used routinely for pre-operative reduction of IOP even in nonglaucomatous patients subjected for intraocular surgery to prevent expulsive haemorrhage and bulging of anterior segment.

Objectives: To assess the safety and tolerability of 2% dorzolamide and 0.5% timolol maleate in Pre-operative Cataract patients.

Materials and Methods: A prospective, comparative study enrolling 60 Pre-operative Cataract patients (30 in each group) attending Ophthalmology inpatient department in Kempe Gowda Institute of Medical Science Hospital and Research Centre. Dorzolamide was instilled thrice daily and timolol maleate twice daily for 2 days. IOP was measured on zero, 2^nd, 24^th and 48^th hours and also looked for side effects.

Results: The mean reduction of IOP was 17.1% with dorzolamide and 18.9% with timolol maleate. Both the drugs were tolerated very well without any systemic adverse effect and the local side effects were comparatively less with dorzolamide.

Conclusion: Efficacy of dorzolamide in decreasing IOP in Pre-operative Cataract patients was almost comparable to timolol, and dorzolamide appeared to be relatively better tolerated.

Keywords

Pre-Operative, Cataract, IOP, Dorzolamide, Timolol Maleate.

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D. R. Veena ¹, Cuckoo Aiyappa ¹, H. V. Anuradha ¹, T. K. Sumathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Dermatology, M S Ramaiah Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bangalore-560 054, IN

Abstract

Cutaneous eruptions are the most frequently reported adverse reactions to drugs. The pattern of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and the causative drugs keep changing every year.

The study was designed to ascertain the different clinical pattern of cutaneous ADRs and to determine the causative agents. A prospective hospital based study was carried out over a period of one year. The cutaneous ADRs of outpatients in the Department of Dermatology and inpatients transferred from other departments were recorded. Naranjos algorithm was used to determine the causality assessment. A total of 150 patients diagnosed to have cutaneous ADRs were included in the study. The most common type of cutaneous ADRs were maculopapular rash (34.7%), followed by urticaria (12.7%) and acneiform eruptions (10%). Antimicrobial agents (40.7%) were responsible for majority detected adverse drug reactions, followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (18.7%), anticonvulsants (12%) and antihypertensives (10.7%). Altogether 146 reactions had probable and 4 reactions had possible causal association with the drug. A wide clinical spectrum of cutaneous ADRs ranging from mild maculopapular rash to serious Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) were observed. Most of these drug eruptions were caused by antimicrobial agents. The occurence of cutaneous ADRs in the present study was in concurrence to various studies conducted in India.

Keywords

Cutaneous, Adverse Drug Reactions, Drug Eruptions, Maculopapular Rash.

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H. V. Anuradha ¹, H. P. Pundarikaksha ², N. V. V. Himamshu ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, M.S.Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore-560054, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology , Kempe Gowda Institute of Medical Science, Bangalore-560070, IN
3 Department of Ophthalmology, Kempe Gowda Institute of Medical Science, Bangalore-560070, IN

Abstract

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common form of glaucoma, left untreated results in gradual loss of vision. Decreasing intra ocular pressure (IOP) by drugs can halt disease progression. The drugs currently available for treatment of POAG are-blockers, sympathomimetics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and prostaglandin analogues. To assess the safety and tolerability of 2% dorzolamide and 0.5% timolol maleate in POAG patients, a prospective, comparative study was undertaken, enrolling 60 patients with POAG (30 in each group) attending Ophthalmology out patient department in Kempe Gowda Institute of Medical Science hospital and research centre. Dorzolamide was instilled thrice daily and timolol maleate twice daily for 28days. IOP was measured on day zero, 14th and 28th day. Visual acuity and side effects were looked for at each visit.

The mean reduction of IOP was 19.95% with dorzolamide and 21.5% with timolol maleate. Both the drugs were tolerated very well without any systemic adverse effects and the local side effects were comparatively less with dorzolamide. Efficacy of dorzolamide in decreasing IOP in POAG patients was almost comparable to timolol, and dorzolamide appeared to be relatively better tolerated.

Keywords

POAG, IOP, Dorzolamide, Timolol Maleate.

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